From f6dadbf22ebc541ab8abcb743919a656b2f37149 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Joel Bender <joel@carrickbender.com>
Date: Tue, 11 Aug 2015 00:16:42 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 01/11] start simple with integer objects, other files are
 empty placeholders

---
 tests/test_primitive_data/__init__.py         |   7 ++
 tests/test_primitive_data/test_bit_string.py  |   0
 tests/test_primitive_data/test_boolean.py     |   0
 .../test_character_string.py                  |   0
 tests/test_primitive_data/test_date.py        |   0
 tests/test_primitive_data/test_double.py      |   0
 tests/test_primitive_data/test_enumerated.py  |   0
 tests/test_primitive_data/test_integer.py     | 115 ++++++++++++++++++
 tests/test_primitive_data/test_null.py        |   0
 .../test_object_identifier.py                 |   0
 tests/test_primitive_data/test_object_type.py |   0
 .../test_primitive_data/test_octet_string.py  |   0
 tests/test_primitive_data/test_real.py        |   0
 tests/test_primitive_data/test_tag.py         |   0
 tests/test_primitive_data/test_time.py        |   0
 tests/test_primitive_data/test_unsigned.py    |   0
 16 files changed, 122 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 tests/test_primitive_data/__init__.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_primitive_data/test_bit_string.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_primitive_data/test_boolean.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_primitive_data/test_character_string.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_primitive_data/test_date.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_primitive_data/test_double.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_primitive_data/test_enumerated.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_primitive_data/test_integer.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_primitive_data/test_null.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_primitive_data/test_object_identifier.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_primitive_data/test_object_type.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_primitive_data/test_octet_string.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_primitive_data/test_real.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_primitive_data/test_tag.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_primitive_data/test_time.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_primitive_data/test_unsigned.py

diff --git a/tests/test_primitive_data/__init__.py b/tests/test_primitive_data/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c0c458a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_primitive_data/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#!/usr/bin/python
+
+"""
+Test Primitive Data Module
+"""
+
+from . import test_integer
diff --git a/tests/test_primitive_data/test_bit_string.py b/tests/test_primitive_data/test_bit_string.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
diff --git a/tests/test_primitive_data/test_boolean.py b/tests/test_primitive_data/test_boolean.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
diff --git a/tests/test_primitive_data/test_character_string.py b/tests/test_primitive_data/test_character_string.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
diff --git a/tests/test_primitive_data/test_date.py b/tests/test_primitive_data/test_date.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
diff --git a/tests/test_primitive_data/test_double.py b/tests/test_primitive_data/test_double.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
diff --git a/tests/test_primitive_data/test_enumerated.py b/tests/test_primitive_data/test_enumerated.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
diff --git a/tests/test_primitive_data/test_integer.py b/tests/test_primitive_data/test_integer.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9bb491a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_primitive_data/test_integer.py
@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+
+"""
+Test Primitive Data Integer
+---------------------------
+"""
+
+import unittest
+
+from bacpypes.debugging import bacpypes_debugging, ModuleLogger, xtob
+from bacpypes.primitivedata import Integer, Tag
+
+# some debugging
+_debug = 0
+_log = ModuleLogger(globals())
+
+
+@bacpypes_debugging
+def integer_tag(x):
+    """Convert a hex string to an integer application tag."""
+    if _debug: integer_tag._debug("integer_tag %r", x)
+
+    b = xtob(x)
+    tag = Tag(Tag.applicationTagClass, Tag.integerAppTag, len(b), b)
+    if _debug: integer_endec._debug("    - tag: %r", tag)
+
+    return tag
+
+@bacpypes_debugging
+def integer_encode(obj):
+    """Encode an Integer object into a tag."""
+    if _debug: integer_encode._debug("integer_encode %r", obj)
+
+    tag = Tag()
+    obj.encode(tag)
+    if _debug: integer_endec._debug("    - tag: %r", tag)
+
+    return tag
+
+
+@bacpypes_debugging
+def integer_decode(tag):
+    """Decode an integer application tag into an integer."""
+    if _debug: integer_decode._debug("integer_decode %r", tag)
+
+    obj = Integer(tag)
+    if _debug: integer_decode._debug("    - obj: %r", obj)
+
+    return obj
+
+
+@bacpypes_debugging
+def integer_endec(value, x):
+    """Pass the value to Integer, construct a tag from the hex string,
+    and compare results of encode and decoding each other."""
+    if _debug: integer_endec._debug("integer_endec %r %r", value, x)
+
+    tag = integer_tag(x)
+    if _debug: integer_endec._debug("    - tag: %r, %r", tag, tag.tagData)
+
+    obj = Integer(value)
+    if _debug: integer_endec._debug("    - obj: %r, %r", obj, obj.value)
+
+    assert integer_encode(obj) == tag
+    assert integer_decode(tag) == obj
+
+
+@bacpypes_debugging
+class TestInteger(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    def test_integer(self):
+        if _debug: TestInteger._debug("test_integer")
+
+        obj = Integer()
+        assert obj.value == 0
+
+    def test_integer_int(self):
+        if _debug: TestInteger._debug("test_integer_int")
+
+        obj = Integer(1)
+        assert obj.value == 1
+        assert str(obj) == "Integer(1)"
+
+        obj = Integer(-1)
+        assert obj.value == -1
+        assert str(obj) == "Integer(-1)"
+
+    def test_integer_integer(self):
+        if _debug: TestInteger._debug("test_integer_integer")
+
+        obj1 = Integer(12)
+        obj2 = Integer(obj1)
+        assert obj2.value == 12
+
+    def test_integer_endec(self):
+        if _debug: TestInteger._debug("test_integer_endec")
+
+        with self.assertRaises(IndexError):
+            obj = Integer(integer_tag(''))
+
+        integer_endec(0, '00')
+        integer_endec(1, '01')
+        integer_endec(127, '7f')
+        integer_endec(-128, '80')
+        integer_endec(-1, 'ff')
+
+        integer_endec(32767, '7fff')
+        integer_endec(-32768, '8000')
+
+        integer_endec(8388607, '7fffff')
+        integer_endec(-8388608, '800000')
+
+        integer_endec(2147483647, '7fffffff')
+        integer_endec(-2147483648, '80000000')
diff --git a/tests/test_primitive_data/test_null.py b/tests/test_primitive_data/test_null.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
diff --git a/tests/test_primitive_data/test_object_identifier.py b/tests/test_primitive_data/test_object_identifier.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
diff --git a/tests/test_primitive_data/test_object_type.py b/tests/test_primitive_data/test_object_type.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
diff --git a/tests/test_primitive_data/test_octet_string.py b/tests/test_primitive_data/test_octet_string.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
diff --git a/tests/test_primitive_data/test_real.py b/tests/test_primitive_data/test_real.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
diff --git a/tests/test_primitive_data/test_tag.py b/tests/test_primitive_data/test_tag.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
diff --git a/tests/test_primitive_data/test_time.py b/tests/test_primitive_data/test_time.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
diff --git a/tests/test_primitive_data/test_unsigned.py b/tests/test_primitive_data/test_unsigned.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29

From a9f12dbfdf17a13817aad3af8dac917c5f4a0c23 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Joel Bender <joel@carrickbender.com>
Date: Tue, 11 Aug 2015 18:59:12 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 02/11] add some failures and ctor value from tag

---
 tests/test_primitive_data/test_integer.py | 24 +++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 24 insertions(+)

diff --git a/tests/test_primitive_data/test_integer.py b/tests/test_primitive_data/test_integer.py
index 9bb491a..e640e2d 100644
--- a/tests/test_primitive_data/test_integer.py
+++ b/tests/test_primitive_data/test_integer.py
@@ -75,6 +75,11 @@ class TestInteger(unittest.TestCase):
         obj = Integer()
         assert obj.value == 0
 
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            Integer("some string")
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            Integer(1.0)
+
     def test_integer_int(self):
         if _debug: TestInteger._debug("test_integer_int")
 
@@ -86,6 +91,25 @@ class TestInteger(unittest.TestCase):
         assert obj.value == -1
         assert str(obj) == "Integer(-1)"
 
+    def test_integer_tag(self):
+        if _debug: TestInteger._debug("test_integer_tag")
+
+        tag = Tag(Tag.applicationTagClass, Tag.integerAppTag, 1, xtob('01'))
+        obj = Integer(tag)
+        assert obj.value == 1
+
+        tag = Tag(Tag.applicationTagClass, Tag.booleanAppTag, 0, xtob(''))
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+            Integer(tag)
+
+        tag = Tag(Tag.contextTagClass, 0, 1, xtob('ff'))
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+            Integer(tag)
+
+        tag = Tag(Tag.openingTagClass, 0)
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+            Integer(tag)
+
     def test_integer_integer(self):
         if _debug: TestInteger._debug("test_integer_integer")
 

From bd48ad47886194e77fa69432a8c3c05ad663599e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Joel Bender <joel@carrickbender.com>
Date: Tue, 11 Aug 2015 21:28:32 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 03/11] tests for null objects

---
 tests/test_primitive_data/test_null.py | 106 +++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 106 insertions(+)

diff --git a/tests/test_primitive_data/test_null.py b/tests/test_primitive_data/test_null.py
index e69de29..9083904 100644
--- a/tests/test_primitive_data/test_null.py
+++ b/tests/test_primitive_data/test_null.py
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+
+"""
+Test Primitive Data Null
+------------------------
+"""
+
+import unittest
+
+from bacpypes.debugging import bacpypes_debugging, ModuleLogger, xtob
+from bacpypes.primitivedata import Null, Tag
+
+# some debugging
+_debug = 0
+_log = ModuleLogger(globals())
+
+
+@bacpypes_debugging
+def null_tag(x):
+    """Convert a hex string to an integer application tag."""
+    if _debug: null_tag._debug("null_tag %r", x)
+
+    b = xtob(x)
+    tag = Tag(Tag.applicationTagClass, Tag.nullAppTag, len(b), b)
+    if _debug: integer_endec._debug("    - tag: %r", tag)
+
+    return tag
+
+@bacpypes_debugging
+def null_encode(obj):
+    """Encode an Integer object into a tag."""
+    if _debug: null_encode._debug("null_encode %r", obj)
+
+    tag = Tag()
+    obj.encode(tag)
+    if _debug: null_encode._debug("    - tag: %r", tag)
+
+    return tag
+
+
+@bacpypes_debugging
+def null_decode(tag):
+    """Decode an integer application tag into an integer."""
+    if _debug: null_decode._debug("null_decode %r", tag)
+
+    obj = Null(tag)
+    if _debug: null_decode._debug("    - obj: %r", obj)
+
+    return obj
+
+
+@bacpypes_debugging
+def null_endec(value, x):
+    """Pass the value to Integer, construct a tag from the hex string,
+    and compare results of encode and decoding each other."""
+    if _debug: null_endec._debug("null_endec %r %r", value, x)
+
+    tag = null_tag(x)
+    if _debug: null_endec._debug("    - tag: %r, %r", tag, tag.tagData)
+
+    obj = Null(value)
+    if _debug: null_endec._debug("    - obj: %r, %r", obj, obj.value)
+
+    assert null_encode(obj) == tag
+    assert null_decode(tag) == obj
+
+
+@bacpypes_debugging
+class TestNull(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    def test_null(self):
+        if _debug: TestInteger._debug("test_null")
+
+        obj = Null()
+        assert obj.value == ()
+
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            Null("some string")
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            Null(1.0)
+
+    def test_null_null(self):
+        if _debug: TestInteger._debug("test_null_null")
+
+        obj = Null(())
+        assert obj.value == ()
+
+    def test_null_tag(self):
+        if _debug: TestInteger._debug("test_null_tag")
+
+        tag = Tag(Tag.applicationTagClass, Tag.nullAppTag, 0, xtob(''))
+        obj = Null(tag)
+        assert obj.value == ()
+
+    def test_null_null(self):
+        if _debug: TestInteger._debug("test_null_null")
+
+        obj1 = Null()
+        obj2 = Null(obj1)
+        assert obj2.value == ()
+
+    def test_null_endec(self):
+        if _debug: TestInteger._debug("test_null_endec")
+
+        null_endec((), '')

From 42cf41e84e78e141f2e3dc338eee22471d3b32b3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Joel Bender <joel@carrickbender.com>
Date: Tue, 11 Aug 2015 21:41:43 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 04/11] add boolean tests, sync parameter names so modules read
 the same

---
 tests/test_primitive_data/test_boolean.py | 123 ++++++++++++++++++++++
 tests/test_primitive_data/test_integer.py |   6 +-
 tests/test_primitive_data/test_null.py    |   6 +-
 3 files changed, 129 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/tests/test_primitive_data/test_boolean.py b/tests/test_primitive_data/test_boolean.py
index e69de29..2b4ac3f 100644
--- a/tests/test_primitive_data/test_boolean.py
+++ b/tests/test_primitive_data/test_boolean.py
@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+
+"""
+Test Primitive Data Boolean
+---------------------------
+"""
+
+import unittest
+
+from bacpypes.debugging import bacpypes_debugging, ModuleLogger, xtob
+from bacpypes.primitivedata import Boolean, Tag
+
+# some debugging
+_debug = 0
+_log = ModuleLogger(globals())
+
+
+@bacpypes_debugging
+def boolean_tag(value):
+    """Convert an integer to an boolean application tag."""
+    if _debug: boolean_tag._debug("boolean_tag %r", value)
+
+    tag = Tag(Tag.applicationTagClass, Tag.booleanAppTag, int(value), xtob(''))
+    if _debug: boolean_endec._debug("    - tag: %r", tag)
+
+    return tag
+
+@bacpypes_debugging
+def boolean_encode(obj):
+    """Encode an Boolean object into a tag."""
+    if _debug: boolean_encode._debug("boolean_encode %r", obj)
+
+    tag = Tag()
+    obj.encode(tag)
+    if _debug: boolean_endec._debug("    - tag: %r", tag)
+
+    return tag
+
+
+@bacpypes_debugging
+def boolean_decode(tag):
+    """Decode an boolean application tag into an boolean."""
+    if _debug: boolean_decode._debug("boolean_decode %r", tag)
+
+    obj = Boolean(tag)
+    if _debug: boolean_decode._debug("    - obj: %r", obj)
+
+    return obj
+
+
+@bacpypes_debugging
+def boolean_endec(v, x):
+    """Pass the value to Boolean, construct a tag from the hex string,
+    and compare results of encode and decoding each other."""
+    if _debug: boolean_endec._debug("boolean_endec %r %r", v, x)
+
+    tag = boolean_tag(x)
+    if _debug: boolean_endec._debug("    - tag: %r, %r", tag, tag.tagData)
+
+    obj = Boolean(v)
+    if _debug: boolean_endec._debug("    - obj: %r, %r", obj, obj.value)
+
+    assert boolean_encode(obj) == tag
+    assert boolean_decode(tag) == obj
+
+
+@bacpypes_debugging
+class TestBoolean(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    def test_boolean(self):
+        if _debug: TestBoolean._debug("test_boolean")
+
+        obj = Boolean()
+        assert obj.value == False
+
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            Boolean("some string")
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            Boolean(1.0)
+
+    def test_boolean_bool(self):
+        if _debug: TestBoolean._debug("test_boolean_bool")
+
+        obj = Boolean(False)
+        assert obj.value == False
+        assert str(obj) == "Boolean(False)"
+
+        obj = Boolean(True)
+        assert obj.value == True
+        assert str(obj) == "Boolean(True)"
+
+    def test_boolean_tag(self):
+        if _debug: TestBoolean._debug("test_boolean_tag")
+
+        tag = Tag(Tag.applicationTagClass, Tag.booleanAppTag, 1, xtob('01'))
+        obj = Boolean(tag)
+        assert obj.value == 1
+
+        tag = Tag(Tag.applicationTagClass, Tag.integerAppTag, 0, xtob(''))
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+            Boolean(tag)
+
+        tag = Tag(Tag.contextTagClass, 0, 1, xtob('ff'))
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+            Boolean(tag)
+
+        tag = Tag(Tag.openingTagClass, 0)
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+            Boolean(tag)
+
+    def test_boolean_boolean(self):
+        if _debug: TestBoolean._debug("test_boolean_boolean")
+
+        obj1 = Boolean(True)
+        obj2 = Boolean(obj1)
+        assert obj2.value == True
+
+    def test_boolean_endec(self):
+        if _debug: TestBoolean._debug("test_boolean_endec")
+
+        boolean_endec(False, False)
+        boolean_endec(True, True)
diff --git a/tests/test_primitive_data/test_integer.py b/tests/test_primitive_data/test_integer.py
index e640e2d..afbbe99 100644
--- a/tests/test_primitive_data/test_integer.py
+++ b/tests/test_primitive_data/test_integer.py
@@ -51,15 +51,15 @@ def integer_decode(tag):
 
 
 @bacpypes_debugging
-def integer_endec(value, x):
+def integer_endec(v, x):
     """Pass the value to Integer, construct a tag from the hex string,
     and compare results of encode and decoding each other."""
-    if _debug: integer_endec._debug("integer_endec %r %r", value, x)
+    if _debug: integer_endec._debug("integer_endec %r %r", v, x)
 
     tag = integer_tag(x)
     if _debug: integer_endec._debug("    - tag: %r, %r", tag, tag.tagData)
 
-    obj = Integer(value)
+    obj = Integer(v)
     if _debug: integer_endec._debug("    - obj: %r, %r", obj, obj.value)
 
     assert integer_encode(obj) == tag
diff --git a/tests/test_primitive_data/test_null.py b/tests/test_primitive_data/test_null.py
index 9083904..daefe5d 100644
--- a/tests/test_primitive_data/test_null.py
+++ b/tests/test_primitive_data/test_null.py
@@ -51,15 +51,15 @@ def null_decode(tag):
 
 
 @bacpypes_debugging
-def null_endec(value, x):
+def null_endec(v, x):
     """Pass the value to Integer, construct a tag from the hex string,
     and compare results of encode and decoding each other."""
-    if _debug: null_endec._debug("null_endec %r %r", value, x)
+    if _debug: null_endec._debug("null_endec %r %r", v, x)
 
     tag = null_tag(x)
     if _debug: null_endec._debug("    - tag: %r, %r", tag, tag.tagData)
 
-    obj = Null(value)
+    obj = Null(v)
     if _debug: null_endec._debug("    - obj: %r, %r", obj, obj.value)
 
     assert null_encode(obj) == tag

From 92baf4dd6ed6ffd84c3ae93085c053ace2672d1f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Joel Bender <joel@carrickbender.com>
Date: Tue, 11 Aug 2015 21:49:05 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 05/11] add unsigned tests

---
 tests/test_primitive_data/test_unsigned.py | 138 +++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 138 insertions(+)

diff --git a/tests/test_primitive_data/test_unsigned.py b/tests/test_primitive_data/test_unsigned.py
index e69de29..592ebc0 100644
--- a/tests/test_primitive_data/test_unsigned.py
+++ b/tests/test_primitive_data/test_unsigned.py
@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+
+"""
+Test Primitive Data Unsigned
+----------------------------
+"""
+
+import unittest
+
+from bacpypes.debugging import bacpypes_debugging, ModuleLogger, xtob
+from bacpypes.primitivedata import Unsigned, Tag
+
+# some debugging
+_debug = 0
+_log = ModuleLogger(globals())
+
+
+@bacpypes_debugging
+def unsigned_tag(x):
+    """Convert a hex string to an unsigned application tag."""
+    if _debug: unsigned_tag._debug("unsigned_tag %r", x)
+
+    b = xtob(x)
+    tag = Tag(Tag.applicationTagClass, Tag.unsignedAppTag, len(b), b)
+    if _debug: unsigned_endec._debug("    - tag: %r", tag)
+
+    return tag
+
+@bacpypes_debugging
+def unsigned_encode(obj):
+    """Encode an Unsigned object into a tag."""
+    if _debug: unsigned_encode._debug("unsigned_encode %r", obj)
+
+    tag = Tag()
+    obj.encode(tag)
+    if _debug: unsigned_endec._debug("    - tag: %r", tag)
+
+    return tag
+
+
+@bacpypes_debugging
+def unsigned_decode(tag):
+    """Decode an unsigned application tag into an unsigned."""
+    if _debug: unsigned_decode._debug("unsigned_decode %r", tag)
+
+    obj = Unsigned(tag)
+    if _debug: unsigned_decode._debug("    - obj: %r", obj)
+
+    return obj
+
+
+@bacpypes_debugging
+def unsigned_endec(v, x):
+    """Pass the value to Unsigned, construct a tag from the hex string,
+    and compare results of encode and decoding each other."""
+    if _debug: unsigned_endec._debug("unsigned_endec %r %r", v, x)
+
+    tag = unsigned_tag(x)
+    if _debug: unsigned_endec._debug("    - tag: %r, %r", tag, tag.tagData)
+
+    obj = Unsigned(v)
+    if _debug: unsigned_endec._debug("    - obj: %r, %r", obj, obj.value)
+
+    assert unsigned_encode(obj) == tag
+    assert unsigned_decode(tag) == obj
+
+
+@bacpypes_debugging
+class TestUnsigned(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    def test_unsigned(self):
+        if _debug: TestUnsigned._debug("test_unsigned")
+
+        obj = Unsigned()
+        assert obj.value == 0
+
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            Unsigned("some string")
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            Unsigned(1.0)
+
+    def test_unsigned_int(self):
+        if _debug: TestUnsigned._debug("test_unsigned_int")
+
+        obj = Unsigned(1)
+        assert obj.value == 1
+        assert str(obj) == "Unsigned(1)"
+
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+            Unsigned(-1)
+
+    def test_unsigned_tag(self):
+        if _debug: TestUnsigned._debug("test_unsigned_tag")
+
+        tag = Tag(Tag.applicationTagClass, Tag.unsignedAppTag, 1, xtob('01'))
+        obj = Unsigned(tag)
+        assert obj.value == 1
+
+        tag = Tag(Tag.applicationTagClass, Tag.booleanAppTag, 0, xtob(''))
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+            Unsigned(tag)
+
+        tag = Tag(Tag.contextTagClass, 0, 1, xtob('ff'))
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+            Unsigned(tag)
+
+        tag = Tag(Tag.openingTagClass, 0)
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+            Unsigned(tag)
+
+    def test_unsigned_unsigned(self):
+        if _debug: TestUnsigned._debug("test_unsigned_unsigned")
+
+        obj1 = Unsigned(12)
+        obj2 = Unsigned(obj1)
+        assert obj2.value == 12
+
+    def test_unsigned_endec(self):
+        if _debug: TestUnsigned._debug("test_unsigned_endec")
+
+#       with self.assertRaises(IndexError):
+#           obj = Unsigned(unsigned_tag(''))
+
+        unsigned_endec(0, '00')
+        unsigned_endec(1, '01')
+        unsigned_endec(127, '7f')
+        unsigned_endec(128, '80')
+        unsigned_endec(255, 'ff')
+
+        unsigned_endec(32767, '7fff')
+        unsigned_endec(32768, '8000')
+
+        unsigned_endec(8388607, '7fffff')
+        unsigned_endec(8388608, '800000')
+
+        unsigned_endec(2147483647, '7fffffff')
+        unsigned_endec(2147483648, '80000000')

From ef6359c52ee7c6de001336afe40de53520f52250 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Joel Bender <joel@carrickbender.com>
Date: Tue, 11 Aug 2015 22:23:33 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 06/11] add real tests

---
 tests/test_primitive_data/test_real.py | 136 +++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 136 insertions(+)

diff --git a/tests/test_primitive_data/test_real.py b/tests/test_primitive_data/test_real.py
index e69de29..4373ec1 100644
--- a/tests/test_primitive_data/test_real.py
+++ b/tests/test_primitive_data/test_real.py
@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+
+"""
+Test Primitive Data Real
+------------------------
+"""
+
+import unittest
+import struct
+
+from bacpypes.debugging import bacpypes_debugging, ModuleLogger, xtob
+from bacpypes.primitivedata import Real, Tag
+
+# some debugging
+_debug = 0
+_log = ModuleLogger(globals())
+
+
+@bacpypes_debugging
+def real_tag(x):
+    """Convert a hex string to an real application tag."""
+    if _debug: real_tag._debug("real_tag %r", x)
+
+    b = xtob(x)
+    tag = Tag(Tag.applicationTagClass, Tag.realAppTag, len(b), b)
+    if _debug: real_endec._debug("    - tag: %r", tag)
+
+    return tag
+
+@bacpypes_debugging
+def real_encode(obj):
+    """Encode an Real object into a tag."""
+    if _debug: real_encode._debug("real_encode %r", obj)
+
+    tag = Tag()
+    obj.encode(tag)
+    if _debug: real_endec._debug("    - tag: %r", tag)
+
+    return tag
+
+
+@bacpypes_debugging
+def real_decode(tag):
+    """Decode an real application tag into an real."""
+    if _debug: real_decode._debug("real_decode %r", tag)
+
+    obj = Real(tag)
+    if _debug: real_decode._debug("    - obj: %r", obj)
+
+    return obj
+
+
+@bacpypes_debugging
+def real_endec(v, x):
+    """Pass the value to Real, construct a tag from the hex string,
+    and compare results of encode and decoding each other."""
+    if _debug: real_endec._debug("real_endec %r %r", v, x)
+
+    tag = real_tag(x)
+    if _debug: real_endec._debug("    - tag: %r, %r", tag, tag.tagData)
+
+    obj = Real(v)
+    if _debug: real_endec._debug("    - obj: %r, %r", obj, obj.value)
+
+    assert real_encode(obj) == tag
+    assert real_decode(tag) == obj
+
+
+@bacpypes_debugging
+class TestReal(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    def test_real(self):
+        if _debug: TestReal._debug("test_real")
+
+        obj = Real()
+        assert obj.value == 0.0
+
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            Real("some string")
+
+    def test_real_real(self):
+        if _debug: TestReal._debug("test_real_real")
+
+        obj = Real(1.0)
+        assert obj.value == 1.0
+        assert str(obj) == "Real(1)"
+
+        obj = Real(73.5)
+        assert obj.value == 73.5
+        assert str(obj) == "Real(73.5)"
+
+    def test_real_tag(self):
+        if _debug: TestReal._debug("test_real_tag")
+
+        tag = Tag(Tag.applicationTagClass, Tag.realAppTag, 1, xtob('3f800000'))
+        obj = Real(tag)
+        assert obj.value == 1.0
+
+        tag = Tag(Tag.applicationTagClass, Tag.booleanAppTag, 0, xtob(''))
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+            Real(tag)
+
+        tag = Tag(Tag.contextTagClass, 0, 1, xtob('ff'))
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+            Real(tag)
+
+        tag = Tag(Tag.openingTagClass, 0)
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+            Real(tag)
+
+    def test_real_copy(self):
+        if _debug: TestReal._debug("test_real_copy")
+
+        obj1 = Real(12)
+        obj2 = Real(obj1)
+        assert obj2.value == 12
+
+    def test_real_endec(self):
+        if _debug: TestReal._debug("test_real_endec")
+
+        with self.assertRaises(struct.error):
+            obj = Real(real_tag(''))
+
+        real_endec(0, '00000000')
+        real_endec(1, '3f800000')
+        real_endec(-1, 'bf800000')
+
+        real_endec(73.5, '42930000')
+
+        inf = float('inf')
+        real_endec(inf, '7f800000')
+        real_endec(-inf, 'ff800000')
+
+        nan = float('nan')
+        real_endec(nan, '7fc00000')
\ No newline at end of file

From a4ccab87bb5fc5ea3093c600bfbbd82f852e2d13 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Joel Bender <joel@carrickbender.com>
Date: Tue, 11 Aug 2015 22:23:50 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 07/11] change to the _copy names for copy-constructor-like
 tests

---
 tests/test_primitive_data/test_boolean.py  | 4 ++--
 tests/test_primitive_data/test_integer.py  | 4 ++--
 tests/test_primitive_data/test_null.py     | 4 ++--
 tests/test_primitive_data/test_unsigned.py | 4 ++--
 4 files changed, 8 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)

diff --git a/tests/test_primitive_data/test_boolean.py b/tests/test_primitive_data/test_boolean.py
index 2b4ac3f..cbc537e 100644
--- a/tests/test_primitive_data/test_boolean.py
+++ b/tests/test_primitive_data/test_boolean.py
@@ -109,8 +109,8 @@ class TestBoolean(unittest.TestCase):
         with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
             Boolean(tag)
 
-    def test_boolean_boolean(self):
-        if _debug: TestBoolean._debug("test_boolean_boolean")
+    def test_boolean_copy(self):
+        if _debug: TestBoolean._debug("test_boolean_copy")
 
         obj1 = Boolean(True)
         obj2 = Boolean(obj1)
diff --git a/tests/test_primitive_data/test_integer.py b/tests/test_primitive_data/test_integer.py
index afbbe99..fde04f0 100644
--- a/tests/test_primitive_data/test_integer.py
+++ b/tests/test_primitive_data/test_integer.py
@@ -110,8 +110,8 @@ class TestInteger(unittest.TestCase):
         with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
             Integer(tag)
 
-    def test_integer_integer(self):
-        if _debug: TestInteger._debug("test_integer_integer")
+    def test_integer_copy(self):
+        if _debug: TestInteger._debug("test_integer_copy")
 
         obj1 = Integer(12)
         obj2 = Integer(obj1)
diff --git a/tests/test_primitive_data/test_null.py b/tests/test_primitive_data/test_null.py
index daefe5d..4599475 100644
--- a/tests/test_primitive_data/test_null.py
+++ b/tests/test_primitive_data/test_null.py
@@ -93,8 +93,8 @@ class TestNull(unittest.TestCase):
         obj = Null(tag)
         assert obj.value == ()
 
-    def test_null_null(self):
-        if _debug: TestInteger._debug("test_null_null")
+    def test_null_copy(self):
+        if _debug: TestInteger._debug("test_null_copy")
 
         obj1 = Null()
         obj2 = Null(obj1)
diff --git a/tests/test_primitive_data/test_unsigned.py b/tests/test_primitive_data/test_unsigned.py
index 592ebc0..28c567e 100644
--- a/tests/test_primitive_data/test_unsigned.py
+++ b/tests/test_primitive_data/test_unsigned.py
@@ -109,8 +109,8 @@ class TestUnsigned(unittest.TestCase):
         with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
             Unsigned(tag)
 
-    def test_unsigned_unsigned(self):
-        if _debug: TestUnsigned._debug("test_unsigned_unsigned")
+    def test_unsigned_copy(self):
+        if _debug: TestUnsigned._debug("test_unsigned_copy")
 
         obj1 = Unsigned(12)
         obj2 = Unsigned(obj1)

From 0d14583c419dbaf19bc14f9b658262cdd7689b9b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Joel Bender <joel@carrickbender.com>
Date: Tue, 11 Aug 2015 22:35:13 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 08/11] add double tests

---
 tests/test_primitive_data/test_double.py | 136 +++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 136 insertions(+)

diff --git a/tests/test_primitive_data/test_double.py b/tests/test_primitive_data/test_double.py
index e69de29..6753e1d 100644
--- a/tests/test_primitive_data/test_double.py
+++ b/tests/test_primitive_data/test_double.py
@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+
+"""
+Test Primitive Data Double
+--------------------------
+"""
+
+import unittest
+import struct
+
+from bacpypes.debugging import bacpypes_debugging, ModuleLogger, xtob
+from bacpypes.primitivedata import Double, Tag
+
+# some debugging
+_debug = 0
+_log = ModuleLogger(globals())
+
+
+@bacpypes_debugging
+def double_tag(x):
+    """Convert a hex string to an double application tag."""
+    if _debug: double_tag._debug("double_tag %r", x)
+
+    b = xtob(x)
+    tag = Tag(Tag.applicationTagClass, Tag.doubleAppTag, len(b), b)
+    if _debug: double_endec._debug("    - tag: %r", tag)
+
+    return tag
+
+@bacpypes_debugging
+def double_encode(obj):
+    """Encode an Double object into a tag."""
+    if _debug: double_encode._debug("double_encode %r", obj)
+
+    tag = Tag()
+    obj.encode(tag)
+    if _debug: double_endec._debug("    - tag: %r", tag)
+
+    return tag
+
+
+@bacpypes_debugging
+def double_decode(tag):
+    """Decode an double application tag into a double."""
+    if _debug: double_decode._debug("double_decode %r", tag)
+
+    obj = Double(tag)
+    if _debug: double_decode._debug("    - obj: %r", obj)
+
+    return obj
+
+
+@bacpypes_debugging
+def double_endec(v, x):
+    """Pass the value to Double, construct a tag from the hex string,
+    and compare results of encode and decoding each other."""
+    if _debug: double_endec._debug("double_endec %r %r", v, x)
+
+    tag = double_tag(x)
+    if _debug: double_endec._debug("    - tag: %r, %r", tag, tag.tagData)
+
+    obj = Double(v)
+    if _debug: double_endec._debug("    - obj: %r, %r", obj, obj.value)
+
+    assert double_encode(obj) == tag
+    assert double_decode(tag) == obj
+
+
+@bacpypes_debugging
+class TestDouble(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    def test_double(self):
+        if _debug: TestDouble._debug("test_double")
+
+        obj = Double()
+        assert obj.value == 0.0
+
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            Double("some string")
+
+    def test_double_double(self):
+        if _debug: TestDouble._debug("test_double_double")
+
+        obj = Double(1.0)
+        assert obj.value == 1.0
+        assert str(obj) == "Double(1)"
+
+        obj = Double(73.5)
+        assert obj.value == 73.5
+        assert str(obj) == "Double(73.5)"
+
+    def test_double_tag(self):
+        if _debug: TestDouble._debug("test_double_tag")
+
+        tag = Tag(Tag.applicationTagClass, Tag.doubleAppTag, 8, xtob('3ff0000000000000'))
+        obj = Double(tag)
+        assert obj.value == 1.0
+
+        tag = Tag(Tag.applicationTagClass, Tag.booleanAppTag, 0, xtob(''))
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+            Double(tag)
+
+        tag = Tag(Tag.contextTagClass, 0, 1, xtob('ff'))
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+            Double(tag)
+
+        tag = Tag(Tag.openingTagClass, 0)
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+            Double(tag)
+
+    def test_double_copy(self):
+        if _debug: TestDouble._debug("test_double_copy")
+
+        obj1 = Double(12)
+        obj2 = Double(obj1)
+        assert obj2.value == 12
+
+    def test_double_endec(self):
+        if _debug: TestDouble._debug("test_double_endec")
+
+        with self.assertRaises(struct.error):
+            obj = Double(double_tag(''))
+
+        double_endec(0, '0000000000000000')
+        double_endec(1, '3ff0000000000000')
+        double_endec(-1, 'bff0000000000000')
+
+        double_endec(73.5, '4052600000000000')
+
+        inf = float('inf')
+        double_endec(inf, '7ff0000000000000')
+        double_endec(-inf, 'fff0000000000000')
+
+        nan = float('nan')
+        double_endec(nan, '7ff8000000000000')

From 22c5fe48f303bf1431758f259b6ae6a68da0d6ff Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Joel Bender <joel@carrickbender.com>
Date: Tue, 11 Aug 2015 22:46:20 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 09/11] add octet string tests

---
 .../test_primitive_data/test_octet_string.py  | 126 ++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 126 insertions(+)

diff --git a/tests/test_primitive_data/test_octet_string.py b/tests/test_primitive_data/test_octet_string.py
index e69de29..7ebe71f 100644
--- a/tests/test_primitive_data/test_octet_string.py
+++ b/tests/test_primitive_data/test_octet_string.py
@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+
+"""
+Test Primitive Data Octet String
+--------------------------------
+"""
+
+import unittest
+import struct
+
+from bacpypes.debugging import bacpypes_debugging, ModuleLogger, xtob
+from bacpypes.primitivedata import OctetString, Tag
+
+# some debugging
+_debug = 0
+_log = ModuleLogger(globals())
+
+
+@bacpypes_debugging
+def octet_string_tag(x):
+    """Convert a hex string to an octet_string application tag."""
+    if _debug: octet_string_tag._debug("octet_string_tag %r", x)
+
+    b = xtob(x)
+    tag = Tag(Tag.applicationTagClass, Tag.octetStringAppTag, len(b), b)
+    if _debug: octet_string_endec._debug("    - tag: %r", tag)
+
+    return tag
+
+@bacpypes_debugging
+def octet_string_encode(obj):
+    """Encode an OctetString object into a tag."""
+    if _debug: octet_string_encode._debug("octet_string_encode %r", obj)
+
+    tag = Tag()
+    obj.encode(tag)
+    if _debug: octet_string_endec._debug("    - tag: %r", tag)
+
+    return tag
+
+
+@bacpypes_debugging
+def octet_string_decode(tag):
+    """Decode an octet_string application tag into an octet string."""
+    if _debug: octet_string_decode._debug("octet_string_decode %r", tag)
+
+    obj = OctetString(tag)
+    if _debug: octet_string_decode._debug("    - obj: %r", obj)
+
+    return obj
+
+
+@bacpypes_debugging
+def octet_string_endec(x):
+    """Pass the value to OctetString, construct a tag from the hex string,
+    and compare results of encode and decoding each other."""
+    if _debug: octet_string_endec._debug("octet_string_endec %r", x)
+
+    tag = octet_string_tag(x)
+    if _debug: octet_string_endec._debug("    - tag: %r, %r", tag, tag.tagData)
+
+    obj = OctetString(xtob(x))
+    if _debug: octet_string_endec._debug("    - obj: %r, %r", obj, obj.value)
+
+    assert octet_string_encode(obj) == tag
+    assert octet_string_decode(tag) == obj
+
+
+@bacpypes_debugging
+class TestOctetString(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    def test_octet_string(self):
+        if _debug: TestOctetString._debug("test_octet_string")
+
+        obj = OctetString()
+        assert obj.value == xtob('')
+
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            OctetString(1)
+
+    def test_octet_string_octet_string(self):
+        if _debug: TestOctetString._debug("test_octet_string_octet_string")
+
+        obj = OctetString(xtob('01'))
+        assert obj.value == xtob('01')
+        assert str(obj) == "OctetString(X'01')"
+
+        obj = OctetString(xtob('01020304'))
+        assert obj.value == xtob('01020304')
+        assert str(obj) == "OctetString(X'01020304')"
+
+    def test_octet_string_tag(self):
+        if _debug: TestOctetString._debug("test_octet_string_tag")
+
+        tag = Tag(Tag.applicationTagClass, Tag.octetStringAppTag, 1, xtob('00'))
+        obj = OctetString(tag)
+        assert obj.value == xtob('00')
+
+        tag = Tag(Tag.applicationTagClass, Tag.booleanAppTag, 0, xtob(''))
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+            OctetString(tag)
+
+        tag = Tag(Tag.contextTagClass, 0, 1, xtob('ff'))
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+            OctetString(tag)
+
+        tag = Tag(Tag.openingTagClass, 0)
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+            OctetString(tag)
+
+    def test_octet_string_copy(self):
+        if _debug: TestOctetString._debug("test_octet_string_copy")
+
+        obj1 = OctetString(xtob('01'))
+        obj2 = OctetString(obj1)
+        assert obj2.value == xtob('01')
+
+    def test_octet_string_endec(self):
+        if _debug: TestOctetString._debug("test_octet_string_endec")
+
+        octet_string_endec('')
+        octet_string_endec('01')
+        octet_string_endec('0102')
+        octet_string_endec('010203')
+        octet_string_endec('01020304')

From 34ed6bd399af49c3cce9dca54287c2300252de01 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Joel Bender <jjb5@cornell.edu>
Date: Wed, 12 Aug 2015 09:07:11 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 10/11] Python3 no longer uses __cmp__, incorrect
 initialization for octet strings

---
 py34/bacpypes/primitivedata.py | 24 +++++++++++++++++++++++-
 1 file changed, 23 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/py34/bacpypes/primitivedata.py b/py34/bacpypes/primitivedata.py
index 6539e3a..591b81d 100755
--- a/py34/bacpypes/primitivedata.py
+++ b/py34/bacpypes/primitivedata.py
@@ -451,6 +451,8 @@ class Atomic(object):
     _app_tag = None
 
     def __cmp__(self, other):
+        # sys.stderr.write("__cmp__ %r %r\n" % (self, other))
+
         # hoop jump it
         if not isinstance(other, self.__class__):
             other = self.__class__(other)
@@ -463,6 +465,26 @@ class Atomic(object):
         else:
             return 0
 
+    def __lt__(self, other):
+        # sys.stderr.write("__lt__ %r %r\n" % (self, other))
+
+        # hoop jump it
+        if not isinstance(other, self.__class__):
+            other = self.__class__(other)
+
+        # now compare the values
+        return (self.value < other.value)
+
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        sys.stderr.write("__eq__ %r %r\n" % (self, other))
+
+        # hoop jump it
+        if not isinstance(other, self.__class__):
+            other = self.__class__(other)
+
+        # now compare the values
+        return self.value == other.value
+
 #
 #   Null
 #
@@ -738,7 +760,7 @@ class OctetString(Atomic):
     _app_tag = Tag.octetStringAppTag
 
     def __init__(self, arg=None):
-        self.value = ''
+        self.value = bytes()
 
         if arg is None:
             pass

From e12523eeeeb09d231798091fc659b73569cfbd6f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Joel Bender <jjb5@cornell.edu>
Date: Wed, 12 Aug 2015 09:07:57 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 11/11] explicit checking for NaN

---
 tests/test_primitive_data/test_double.py |  9 ++++++++-
 tests/test_primitive_data/test_real.py   | 18 +++++++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 21 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/tests/test_primitive_data/test_double.py b/tests/test_primitive_data/test_double.py
index 6753e1d..04a66e1 100644
--- a/tests/test_primitive_data/test_double.py
+++ b/tests/test_primitive_data/test_double.py
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ Test Primitive Data Double
 
 import unittest
 import struct
+import math
 
 from bacpypes.debugging import bacpypes_debugging, ModuleLogger, xtob
 from bacpypes.primitivedata import Double, Tag
@@ -64,8 +65,14 @@ def double_endec(v, x):
     if _debug: double_endec._debug("    - obj: %r, %r", obj, obj.value)
 
     assert double_encode(obj) == tag
-    assert double_decode(tag) == obj
+    if _debug: real_endec._debug("    - tags match")
 
+    if math.isnan(v):
+        assert math.isnan(double_decode(tag).value)
+        if _debug: double_endec._debug("    - both NaN")
+    else:
+        assert double_decode(tag) == obj
+        if _debug: double_endec._debug("    - objects match")
 
 @bacpypes_debugging
 class TestDouble(unittest.TestCase):
diff --git a/tests/test_primitive_data/test_real.py b/tests/test_primitive_data/test_real.py
index 4373ec1..7f14710 100644
--- a/tests/test_primitive_data/test_real.py
+++ b/tests/test_primitive_data/test_real.py
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ Test Primitive Data Real
 
 import unittest
 import struct
+import math
 
 from bacpypes.debugging import bacpypes_debugging, ModuleLogger, xtob
 from bacpypes.primitivedata import Real, Tag
@@ -24,7 +25,7 @@ def real_tag(x):
 
     b = xtob(x)
     tag = Tag(Tag.applicationTagClass, Tag.realAppTag, len(b), b)
-    if _debug: real_endec._debug("    - tag: %r", tag)
+    if _debug: real_tag._debug("    - tag: %r", tag)
 
     return tag
 
@@ -35,7 +36,7 @@ def real_encode(obj):
 
     tag = Tag()
     obj.encode(tag)
-    if _debug: real_endec._debug("    - tag: %r", tag)
+    if _debug: real_encode._debug("    - tag: %r, %r", tag, tag.tagData)
 
     return tag
 
@@ -46,7 +47,7 @@ def real_decode(tag):
     if _debug: real_decode._debug("real_decode %r", tag)
 
     obj = Real(tag)
-    if _debug: real_decode._debug("    - obj: %r", obj)
+    if _debug: real_decode._debug("    - obj: %r, %r", obj, obj.value)
 
     return obj
 
@@ -64,7 +65,14 @@ def real_endec(v, x):
     if _debug: real_endec._debug("    - obj: %r, %r", obj, obj.value)
 
     assert real_encode(obj) == tag
-    assert real_decode(tag) == obj
+    if _debug: real_endec._debug("    - tags match")
+
+    if math.isnan(v):
+        assert math.isnan(real_decode(tag).value)
+        if _debug: real_endec._debug("    - both NaN")
+    else:
+        assert real_decode(tag) == obj
+        if _debug: real_endec._debug("    - objects match")
 
 
 @bacpypes_debugging
@@ -133,4 +141,4 @@ class TestReal(unittest.TestCase):
         real_endec(-inf, 'ff800000')
 
         nan = float('nan')
-        real_endec(nan, '7fc00000')
\ No newline at end of file
+        real_endec(nan, '7fc00000')